Single-anonymized review
Reviewer identities are not disclosed to authors; author identities are available to reviewers.
Editorial assessment
A visible workflow separates technical checks, independent advice and accountable editorial decisions. The model used by each journal is stated on its profile.
A structured manuscript record, files and declarations enter the journal workspace.
The editorial office checks completeness, scope indicators, ethics and reporting information.
An editor evaluates fit, methodological adequacy and whether external review is warranted.
Qualified independent specialists assess the work and disclose relevant conflicts.
The editor weighs the manuscript, reports and journal priorities and issues a reasoned decision.
Authors respond point by point and provide a traceable revised version when invited.
The responsible editor accepts, requests further work or rejects the manuscript.
Accepted work moves through correction, proof, metadata, DOI preparation and final quality checks.
The version of record and any later notices remain connected in the public article record.
Review models
Reviewer identities are not disclosed to authors; author identities are available to reviewers.
Reviewer and author identities are concealed from one another as far as the submitted record permits.
The journal defines which identities, reports or author responses become public and obtains the necessary agreement.
Decision integrity